Critical Social Constructivism (CSC) emerged from the broader tradition of social constructivism, which posits that knowledge and reality are products of social processes and interactions. Social constructivism has its roots in the works of sociologists like Peter Berger and Thomas Luckmann, who, in their seminal book The Social Construction of Reality (1966), argued that reality is socially constructed through shared meanings and practices. This perspective was further developed by the strong programme in the sociology of scientific knowledge, with scholars such as David Bloor (1976) asserting that even scientific facts are socially constructed and inseparable from the social contexts in which they are produced. Critical Social Constructivism builds on these foundations by incorporating elements of critical theory, particularly the emphasis on power dynamics and ideologies. Influenced by the Frankfurt School’s critique of society, CSC highlights how dominant social and political forces shape what is accepted as knowledge or reality, thereby questioning the objectivity of knowledge claims.

As an anti-realist philosophy, Critical Social Constructivism rejects the notion of an objective reality that exists independently of human perception and social agreement. By claiming that all aspects of reality—including scientific facts, moral values, and social norms—are constructed through social processes, CSC challenges the realist position that there is a mind-independent world. However, CSC is more than just an ontological stance; it offers a comprehensive worldview that encompasses epistemology, ethics, and politics. Since knowledge is viewed as a social construct, the process of knowing is inherently embedded within social contexts, power relations, and cultural frameworks. This means that truth is not discovered but negotiated, and what is accepted as knowledge reflects the prevailing social and political dynamics rather than any objective standard. Thus, CSC provides a lens through which all human understanding and interaction can be analyzed.

Given that Critical Social Constructivism denies the existence of an objective reality, there is no external arbiter to settle disputes about what is true or real. Consequently, the acceptance of particular knowledge claims becomes a matter of social negotiation and consensus-building. In this context, adherents of CSC recognize that establishing a shared understanding of reality often involves the use of political and social mechanisms to persuade or coerce individuals and groups into adopting specific constructions of knowledge. This can range from rhetorical strategies and institutional support to more overt forms of social or political force, as dominant groups seek to impose their versions of reality onto others. Because there is no reality without human perception and social agreement, the validation of knowledge claims ultimately relies on the ability to garner social acceptance, which can be influenced by power structures and cultural hegemony.

References

  • Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge. Anchor Books.
  • Bloor, D. (1976). Knowledge and Social Imagery. Routledge & Kegan Paul.